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Thesaurus linguae Latinae (TLL)

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Specimen Article

This 'Specimen article' shows the enormous wealth of information a Thesaurus article offers – this goes far beyond the mere 'meaning' of a word (please click on the red marked fields). The specimen article can also be downloaded as a PDF in English, French, Italian, Spanish and German.

An extensive introduction can be found under Article structure. Very useful information offer the Praemonenda.

Why the dictionary does not offer word translations you can read in this (German) PDF article, why it is written in Latin we explain in this PDF (also in German).

Derivatives and compounds are listed at the end of each article.

Derivatives and compounds are listed at the end of each article.

Individual articles are signed by the compiler.

Textual notes on individual passages.

The headword is generally given in its basic forms, with indications of the prosody (short vowels remain unmarked). This is followed by the etymology, provided when necessary by an external Indo-Europeanist.

Textual notes on individual passages.

An asterisk before the headword means that the article does not quote all the collected instances; an al. (alia) shows, where further instances have been omitted.

The headword is generally given in its basic forms, with indications of the prosody (short vowels remain unmarked). This is followed by the etymology, provided when necessary by an external Indo-Europeanist.

Before the word and its meanings are described, the so- called 'head' of the article gathers together information about the spelling, abbreviations, forms, etc., as well as ancient comments on the meaning.

Before the word and its meanings are described, the so- called 'head' of the article gathers together information about the spelling, abbreviations, forms, etc., as well as ancient comments on the meaning.

An asterisk before the headword means that the article does not quote all the collected instances; an al. (alia) shows, where further instances have been omitted.

An asterisk before the headword means that the article does not quote all the collected instances; an al. (alia) shows, where further instances have been omitted.

Before the word and its meanings are described, the so- called 'head' of the article gathers together information about the spelling, abbreviations, forms, etc., as well as ancient comments on the meaning.

Before the word and its meanings are described, the so- called 'head' of the article gathers together information about the spelling, abbreviations, forms, etc., as well as ancient comments on the meaning.

General summary of where the word is to be found.

Details of survival in the Romance languages, provided by a Romance linguist.

Details of typical errors and corrupt passages in the manuscripts as an aid to textual citicism.

For longer articles, an outline gives an overview of the structure. Insofar as this is both possible and reasonable, the structure follows the principle of dichotomy. Passages are arranged chronologically within groups that are mutually exclusive and presented in a hierarchy.

The Thesaurus does not provide translations; to avoid misunderstandings arising from false analogies with modern languages and to formulate the meanings of words as precisely as possible in accordance with the essence of the Latin language, it uses Latin to describe all linguistic phenomena (which does not exclude the occasional appearance of Greek, especially in the case of basic words).

A large number of cross-references by column and line number (approximately 3,000 in each fascicle) serve to connect articles and sections.

For unremarkable meanings, often only a few passages are quoted; this is made clear at the beginning of the section.

Later attestations of a recurring combination are usually put in parentheses after the earliest one; brackets are also used to bring together passages linked by subject matter.

The compilor of an article receives support and advice from the editors. These are responsable for the scholarly quality of the volume; their initials appear on each consecutively numbered gathering of 16 columns.

To save space and to draw attention to the headword, it is given in an abbreviated form in the quotations.

The original text of the quotations is printed in roman script; explanations are printed in italics, as are all other editorial additions (headings, remarks about textual matters etc.).

The original text of the quotations is printed in roman script; explanations are printed in italics, as are all other editorial additions (headings, remarks about textual matters etc.).

The original of translated texta ia provided, as are parallel versions (the passage is indicated in italics, because it does not contain the headword).

The original of translated texta ia provided, as are parallel versions (the passage is indicated in italics, because it does not contain the headword).

Later attestations of a recurring combination are usually put in parentheses after the earliest one; brackets are also used to bring together passages linked by subject matter.

The compilor of an article receives support and advice from the editors. These are responsable for the scholarly quality of the volume; their initials appear on each consecutively numbered gathering of 16 columns.

The compilor of an article receives support and advice from the editors. These are responsable for the scholarly quality of the volume; their initials appear on each consecutively numbered gathering of 16 columns.